二、 视觉比色的影响因素
2、 比色板
比色板是视觉比色的工具,比色板颜色覆盖范围、颜色的空间分布,甚至比色片的分组排列方式都可能影响临床比色。Vitapan Classical比色板是最经典的比色板,对其色度值测量分析显示,Vitapan Classical比色板的颜色覆盖范围较窄,并且在颜色空间上分布不均[22]。Vitapan Classical比色板按色调进行分组,组内比色片按饱和度不同排列,但忽视了颜色的一个重要的属性:明度。Vitapan 3D-Master比色板作了较大的改进,增大了颜色覆盖范围,在色彩空间的分布更均匀,并且按明度、饱和度和色调三个属性将比色片有序地排列[23]。有研究表明,用Vitapan 3D-Master比色板比色可重复性要高于经典比色板,尤其是显著提高全科医师比色的可重复性[24]。有学者认为,比色板中比色片的排列方式可能影响比色,用Vitapan Classical比色板比色时,比色片按与明度最大的比色片的色差值从小到大进行排列,其比色的准确性要高于传统的按色调分组的排列方式[25],也有人推荐按明度从大到小进行排列[26]。
Vitapan Classical比色板颜色分布
Vitapan 3D-Master比色板颜色分布
Vitapan 3D-Master比色板虽然排列有序,但29个比色片同时排列在一起难免显得“拥挤”,新出的Linearguide 3D-Master比色板对此作了改进,其比色片数目与Vitapan 3D-Master比色板一样,但Linearguide 3D-Master一共有6个小比色板组成(明度为0和1的比色片共一个比色板),其中一个比色板用于明度选择(0M2-5M2),其余5个比色板由相同明度的比色片组成。比色分为两步,首先选择明度,其次在相应明度的比色板中完成饱和度和色调的选择。与Vitapan Classical比色板(按明度排序)和Vitapan 3D-Master比色板(三步法比色)相比,这种新的比色板比色准确性更高,而两种3D-Master比色板结果都好于Vitapan Classical比色板。用户的主观评价包括比色板排列的有序性、操作性和总体的可接受程度等进行评分,Linearguide 3D-Master所得分数最高[26]。
Linearguide 3D-Master比色板
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